目錄
- selenium模塊
- selenium基本概念
- 基本使用
- 基于瀏覽器自動(dòng)化的操作
- selenium處理iframe：
- selenium模擬登陸QQ空間
- 無(wú)頭瀏覽器和規(guī)避檢測(cè)
selenium模塊
selenium基本概念
selenium優(yōu)勢(shì)
- 便捷的獲取網(wǎng)站中動(dòng)態(tài)加載的數(shù)據(jù)
- 便捷實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬登陸
selenium使用流程：
1.環(huán)境安裝：pip install selenium
2.下載一個(gè)瀏覽器的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序（谷歌瀏覽器）
3.實(shí)例化一個(gè)瀏覽器對(duì)象
基本使用
代碼
from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import etree
from time import sleep
if __name__ == '__main__':
bro = webdriver.Chrome(r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
bro.get(url='http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/')
page_text = bro.page_source
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
li_list = tree.xpath('//*[@id="gzlist"]/li')
for li in li_list:
name = li.xpath('./dl/@title')[0]
print(name)
sleep(5)
bro.quit()
基于瀏覽器自動(dòng)化的操作
代碼
#編寫基于瀏覽器自動(dòng)化的操作代碼
- 發(fā)起請(qǐng)求: get(url)
- 標(biāo)簽定位: find系列的方法
- 標(biāo)簽交互: send_ keys( 'xxx' )
- 執(zhí)行js程序: excute_script('jsCod')
- 前進(jìn)，后退: back(),forward( )
- 關(guān)閉瀏覽器: quit()
代碼
https://www.taobao.com/
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
bro.get(url='https://www.taobao.com/')
#標(biāo)簽定位
search_input = bro.find_element_by_id('q')
sleep(2)
#執(zhí)行一組js代碼，使得滾輪向下滑動(dòng)
bro.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)')
sleep(2)
#標(biāo)簽交互
search_input.send_keys('女裝')
button = bro.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()
bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
sleep(2)
bro.back()
sleep(2)
bro.forward()
sleep(5)
bro.quit()
selenium處理iframe：
- 如果定位的標(biāo)簽存在于iframe標(biāo)簽之中，則必須使用switch_to.frame(id)
- 動(dòng)作鏈(拖動(dòng)) : from selenium. webdriver import ActionChains
- 實(shí)例化一個(gè)動(dòng)作鏈對(duì)象: action = ActionChains (bro)
- click_and_hold(div) :長(zhǎng)按且點(diǎn)擊操作
- move_by_offset(x,y)
- perform( )讓動(dòng)作鏈立即執(zhí)行
- action.release( )釋放動(dòng)作鏈對(duì)象
代碼
https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
bro.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
div = bro.find_element_by_id('draggable')
#動(dòng)作鏈
action = ActionChains(bro)
action.click_and_hold(div)
for i in range(5):
action.move_by_offset(17,0).perform()
sleep(0.3)
#釋放動(dòng)作鏈
action.release()
bro.quit()
selenium模擬登陸QQ空間
代碼
https://qzone.qq.com/
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe")
bro.get('https://qzone.qq.com/')
bro.switch_to.frame("login_frame")
switcher = bro.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin')
switcher.click()
user_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('u')
password_tag = bro.find_element_by_id('p')
user_tag.send_keys('1234455')
password_tag.send_keys('qwer123')
sleep(1)
but = bro.find_element_by_id('login_button')
but.click()
無(wú)頭瀏覽器和規(guī)避檢測(cè)
代碼
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
#實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)可視化界面
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
#實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)避檢測(cè)
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
#實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)可視化界面
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
#實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)避檢測(cè)
option = ChromeOptions()
option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',['enable-automation'])
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"E:\google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe",chrome_options=chrome_options,options=option)
bro.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(bro.page_source)
sleep(2)
bro.quit()
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