LNMP架構(gòu)介紹
LNMP：Linux系統(tǒng)下Nginx+MySQL+PHP這種網(wǎng)站服務(wù)器架構(gòu)。Nginx是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務(wù)器，也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服務(wù)器。Mysql是一個小型關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)。PHP是一種在服務(wù)器端執(zhí)行的嵌入HTML文檔的腳本語言。
原理：瀏覽器發(fā)送http request請求到服務(wù)器（Nginx）,服務(wù)器響應(yīng)并處理web請求，將一些靜態(tài)資源（CSS，圖片，視頻等）保存服務(wù)器上，然后將php腳本通過接口傳輸協(xié)議（網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）傳輸給PHP-FPM（進程管理程序）,PHP-FPM不做處理，然后PHP-FPM調(diào)用PHP解析器進程，PHP解析器解析php腳本信息。PHP解析器進程可以啟動多個，進行并發(fā)執(zhí)行。然后將解析后的腳本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通過fast-cgi的形式將腳本信息傳送給Nginx.服務(wù)器再通過Http response的形式傳送給瀏覽器。瀏覽器再進行解析與渲染然后進行呈現(xiàn)。
下面給大家介紹下使用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構(gòu)的方法，腳本如下所示：
#/bin/bash
##將需要的安裝包傳到/opt目錄下，并關(guān)閉防火墻
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld >/dev/null
setenforce 0
###############Nginx###############
##先掛載，再安裝依賴包
df -h | grep /mnt
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt >/dev/null
fi
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
##創(chuàng)建運行用戶、組（Nginx服務(wù)程序默認以nobody身份運行，建議為其創(chuàng)建專門的用戶賬號，以便更準確的控制其訪問權(quán)限）
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
make -j 2 make install
##優(yōu)化配置文件路徑，并把nginx服務(wù)的可執(zhí)行程序文件放入路徑環(huán)境變量的目錄中便于系統(tǒng)識別
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin
##添加Nginx系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
cat > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -1 $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -3 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
##修改文件權(quán)限
chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service >/dev/null
###############MySQL###############
##安裝MySQL環(huán)境依賴包
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake
##創(chuàng)建運行用戶
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
make -j 2 make install
##修改mysql配置文件
cat > /etc/my.cnf EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
EOF
##更改mysql安裝目錄和配置文件的屬主屬組
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
##設(shè)置路徑環(huán)境變量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
##初始化數(shù)據(jù)化
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
##添加mysqld系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld >/dev/null
##添加mysql的登錄密碼
function mima {
passwd=$1
/usr/bin/expect -EOF
spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd
expect "Enter" {send "\n"}
expect eof
EOF
}
mima "abc123"
##授權(quán)遠程登錄
function qwe {
/usr/bin/expect -EOF
spawn mysql -u root -p
expect "Enter" {send "abc123\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "flush privileges;\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "show databases;\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "quit\n"}
expect eof
EOF
}
qwe
###############PHP###############
##安裝環(huán)境依賴包
yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
cd ./php-7.1.10/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip
make -j 2 make install
##路徑優(yōu)化
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
##調(diào)整PHP配置文件
##PHP有三個配置文件
##php.ini（主配置文件）
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
sed -i '1170c mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
sed -i '939c date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php -m
##php-fpm.conf（進程服務(wù)配置文件）
cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
sed -i '17c pid = run/php-fpm.pid' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
##www.conf（擴展配置文件）
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf
##啟動php-fpm
cd /usr/local/php/sbin/
php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
##配置Nginx支持PHP解析
sed -i '65c location ~ \.php$ {' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '66c root html;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '67c fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '68c fastcgi_index index.php;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '69c fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '70c include fastcgi_params;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '71c }' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
##驗證PHP測試頁和驗證數(shù)據(jù)庫工作是否正常
cat > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php EOF
?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF
到此這篇關(guān)于使用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構(gòu)的方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)shell腳本部署LNMP架構(gòu)內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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