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Mysql實(shí)現(xiàn)增量恢復(fù)的方法詳解

實(shí)驗(yàn)介紹

增量恢復(fù)一般適用的場景：

1、人為的sql語句破壞了數(shù)據(jù)庫

2、在進(jìn)行下一次完全備份之前發(fā)生系統(tǒng)故障導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)丟失

3、在主從架構(gòu)中，主庫數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生了故障

丟失完全備份之后更改的數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù)步驟

1、首先做一個(gè)完全備份，確保生成完全備份的sql文件。

mysql> select * from yx;  #完全備份前數(shù)據(jù)庫
+----------+--------+
| name   | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi   | 90.00 |
| wangwu  | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@promote data]# mysqldump -u root -p test > /opt/test.sql  #對數(shù)據(jù)庫完全備份

2、使用flush-logs生成新的二進(jìn)制日志文件，用以保存之后的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作語句。

[root@promote data]# mysqladmin -u root -p flush-logs #生成二進(jìn)制文件
Enter password:
[root@promote data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.index sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test

3、在數(shù)據(jù)庫中插入一條記錄，再執(zhí)行flush-logs操作，生成新的二進(jìn)制增量備份文件。

mysql> insert into yx(name,score) values('tom',87);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| tom      | 87.00 |
+----------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@promote data]# mysqladmin -u root -p flush-logs #生成二進(jìn)制文件
Enter password:
[root@promote data]# ls
auto.cnf        ibdata1      ib_logfile1 mysql             mysql-bin.000002 performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1       mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.index   sys

4、用delete刪除剛才插入的數(shù)據(jù)。模擬完全備份后數(shù)據(jù)丟失。

mysql> delete from yx where name='tom';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、使用二進(jìn)制文件進(jìn)行恢復(fù)操作

[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -u root -p

6、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)容，刪除的數(shù)據(jù)有了。說明數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)成功。

mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| tom      | 87.00 |
+----------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec）

完全備份之后丟失所有數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù)步驟

1、使用drop刪除表yx，模擬數(shù)據(jù)完全丟失

mysql> drop table yx;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

2、先使用mysql命令進(jìn)行完全備份恢復(fù)操作。

[root@promote data]# mysql -u root -p test /opt/test.sql
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、使用二進(jìn)制文件進(jìn)行增量備份操作。

[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -u root -p
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| tom      | 87.00 |
+----------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)與位置的恢復(fù)

利用二進(jìn)制日志實(shí)現(xiàn)局域時(shí)間點(diǎn)與位置的恢復(fù)，假如需要往數(shù)據(jù)庫中插入兩條數(shù)據(jù)，但是由于誤操作，兩條插入語句中間刪除一條數(shù)據(jù)，而這條數(shù)據(jù)不應(yīng)該刪除，這時(shí)候，需要基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)與位置進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。

–start-datetime=datetime

從二進(jìn)制日志中第1個(gè)日期時(shí)間等于或晚于datetime參量的事件開始讀。

–stop-datetime=datetime
從二進(jìn)制日志中第1個(gè)日期時(shí)間等于或晚于datetime參量的事件起停止讀。

–start-position=N從二進(jìn)制日志中第1個(gè)位置等于N參量時(shí)的事件開始讀。

–stop-position=N從二進(jìn)制日志中第1個(gè)位置等于和大于N參量時(shí)的事件起停止讀。

mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into yx values('test01',87);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from yx where name='zhangsan';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into yx values('test02',99);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> select * from yx;
+---------+-------+
| name | score |
+---------+-------+
| lisi | 90.00 |
| wangwu | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| test01 | 87.00 |
| test02 | 99.00 |
+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1、基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)。18-07-03 21:56:04是錯(cuò)誤語句節(jié)點(diǎn)，18-07-03 21:56:11第二句正確語句節(jié)點(diǎn)

[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows mysql-bin.000003
# at 298
#180703 21:55:35 server id 1 end_log_pos 406 CRC32 0x257c67ab Query   thread_id=46    exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `test`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1530626135/*!*/;
insert into yx values('test01',87)
/*!*/;
# at 406
#180703 21:55:35 server id 1 end_log_pos 437 CRC32 0xdd7913a3 Xid = 392
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 437
#180703 21:56:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 502 CRC32 0x0d09bd0b Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1    sequence_number=2
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 502
#180703 21:56:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 581 CRC32 0xe6040c79 Query   thread_id=46    exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1530626164/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 581
#180703 21:56:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 691 CRC32 0x2d99f699 Query   thread_id=46    exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1530626164/*!*/;
delete from yx where name='zhangsan'
/*!*/;
# at 691
#180703 21:56:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 722 CRC32 0x4a742173 Xid = 393
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 722
#180703 21:56:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 787 CRC32 0x6d0b47d8 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2    sequence_number=3
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 787
#180703 21:56:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 866 CRC32 0x97e2deb7 Query   thread_id=46    exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1530626171/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 866
#180703 21:56:11 server id 1 end_log_pos 974 CRC32 0x9e24e8af Query   thread_id=46    exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1530626171/*!*/;
insert into yx values('test02',99)
[root@promote data]# mysql -u root -p test /opt/test.sql   #先進(jìn)行完全恢復(fù)
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='18-07-03 21:56:04' mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -u root -p   #結(jié)束節(jié)點(diǎn)
Enter password:
[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='18-07-03 21:56:11' mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -u root -p   #重新開始節(jié)點(diǎn)
Enter password:
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| test01   | 87.00 |
| test02   | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、基于位置恢復(fù)，其中581是錯(cuò)誤語句的節(jié)點(diǎn)，866是第二句正確語句的節(jié)點(diǎn)

[root@promote data]# mysql -u root -p test /opt/test.sql
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='581' mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
[root@promote data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='866' mysql-bin.000003 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> select * from yx;
+----------+--------+
| name     | score |
+----------+--------+
| zhangsan | 100.00 |
| lisi     | 90.00 |
| wangwu   | 80.00 |
| zhaoliu | 99.00 |
| test01   | 87.00 |
| test02   | 99.00 |
+----------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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