SQLite提供了以下3個(gè)APIs函數(shù)用于完成此操作，這里僅僅給出它們的基本用法，至于使用細(xì)節(jié)可以參考SQLite官方網(wǎng)站"APIs Reference"(http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html)。
1). 函數(shù)sqlite3_backup_init()用于創(chuàng)建sqlite3_backup對象，該對象將作為本次拷貝操作的句柄傳給其余兩個(gè)函數(shù)。
2). 函數(shù)sqlite3_backup_step()用于數(shù)據(jù)拷貝，如果該函數(shù)的第二個(gè)參數(shù)為-1，那么整個(gè)拷貝過程都將在該函數(shù)的一次調(diào)用中完成。
3). 函數(shù)sqlite3_backup_finish()用于釋放sqlite3_backup_init()函數(shù)申請的資源，以避免資源泄露。
在整個(gè)拷貝過程中如果出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤，我們都可以通過調(diào)用目的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接的sqlite3_errcode()函數(shù)來獲取具體的錯(cuò)誤碼。此外，如果sqlite3_backup_step()調(diào)用失敗，由于sqlite3_backup_finish()函數(shù)并不會修改當(dāng)前連接的錯(cuò)誤碼，因此我們可以在調(diào)用sqlite3_backup_finish()之后再獲取錯(cuò)誤碼，從而在代碼中減少了一次錯(cuò)誤處理。見如下代碼示例(來自SQLite官網(wǎng))：
/*
** This function is used to load the contents of a database file on disk
** into the "main" database of open database connection pInMemory, or
** to save the current contents of the database opened by pInMemory into
** a database file on disk. pInMemory is probably an in-memory database,
** but this function will also work fine if it is not.
**
** Parameter zFilename points to a nul-terminated string containing the
** name of the database file on disk to load from or save to. If parameter
** isSave is non-zero, then the contents of the file zFilename are
** overwritten with the contents of the database opened by pInMemory. If
** parameter isSave is zero, then the contents of the database opened by
** pInMemory are replaced by data loaded from the file zFilename.
**
** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, if
** an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
*/
int loadOrSaveDb(sqlite3 *pInMemory, const char *zFilename, int isSave){
int rc; /* Function return code */
sqlite3 *pFile; /* Database connection opened on zFilename */
sqlite3_backup *pBackup; /* Backup object used to copy data */
sqlite3 *pTo; /* Database to copy to (pFile or pInMemory) */
sqlite3 *pFrom; /* Database to copy from (pFile or pInMemory) */
/* Open the database file identified by zFilename. Exit early if this fails
** for any reason. */
rc = sqlite3_open(zFilename, pFile);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
/* If this is a 'load' operation (isSave==0), then data is copied
** from the database file just opened to database pInMemory.
** Otherwise, if this is a 'save' operation (isSave==1), then data
** is copied from pInMemory to pFile. Set the variables pFrom and
** pTo accordingly. */
pFrom = (isSave ? pInMemory : pFile);
pTo = (isSave ? pFile : pInMemory);
/* Set up the backup procedure to copy from the "main" database of
** connection pFile to the main database of connection pInMemory.
** If something goes wrong, pBackup will be set to NULL and an error
** code and message left in connection pTo.
**
** If the backup object is successfully created, call backup_step()
** to copy data from pFile to pInMemory. Then call backup_finish()
** to release resources associated with the pBackup object. If an
** error occurred, then an error code and message will be left in
** connection pTo. If no error occurred, then the error code belonging
** to pTo is set to SQLITE_OK.
*/
pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(pTo, "main", pFrom, "main");
if( pBackup ){
(void)sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup, -1);
(void)sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
}
rc = sqlite3_errcode(pTo);
}
/* Close the database connection opened on database file zFilename
** and return the result of this function. */
(void)sqlite3_close(pFile);
return rc;
}
/*
** Perform an online backup of database pDb to the database file named
** by zFilename. This function copies 5 database pages from pDb to
** zFilename, then unlocks pDb and sleeps for 250 ms, then repeats the
** process until the entire database is backed up.
**
** The third argument passed to this function must be a pointer to a progress
** function. After each set of 5 pages is backed up, the progress function
** is invoked with two integer parameters: the number of pages left to
** copy, and the total number of pages in the source file. This information
** may be used, for example, to update a GUI progress bar.
**
** While this function is running, another thread may use the database pDb, or
** another process may access the underlying database file via a separate
** connection.
**
** If the backup process is successfully completed, SQLITE_OK is returned.
** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
*/
int backupDb(
sqlite3 *pDb, /* Database to back up */
const char *zFilename, /* Name of file to back up to */
void(*xProgress)(int, int) /* Progress function to invoke */
){
int rc; /* Function return code */
sqlite3 *pFile; /* Database connection opened on zFilename */
sqlite3_backup *pBackup; /* Backup handle used to copy data */
/* Open the database file identified by zFilename. */
rc = sqlite3_open(zFilename, pFile);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
/* Open the sqlite3_backup object used to accomplish the transfer */
pBackup = sqlite3_backup_init(pFile, "main", pDb, "main");
if( pBackup ){
/* Each iteration of this loop copies 5 database pages from database
** pDb to the backup database. If the return value of backup_step()
** indicates that there are still further pages to copy, sleep for
** 250 ms before repeating. */
do {
rc = sqlite3_backup_step(pBackup, 5);
xProgress(
sqlite3_backup_remaining(pBackup),
sqlite3_backup_pagecount(pBackup)
);
if( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED ){
sqlite3_sleep(250);
}
} while( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED );
/* Release resources allocated by backup_init(). */
(void)sqlite3_backup_finish(pBackup);
}
rc = sqlite3_errcode(pFile);
}
/* Close the database connection opened on database file zFilename
** and return the result of this function. */
(void)sqlite3_close(pFile);
return rc;
}
